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Christophe-Paulin de La Poix, chevalier de Fréminville (24 January 1787〔Levot, p.195〕 – 12 January 1848〔Levot, p.197〕) was a French Navy Commander, naturalist, archeologist and pioneer of transvestism. == Career == La Poix de Fréminville was born to a family of naval engineers, and joined the Navy in 1801.〔 He served as an aid to Rear-Admiral Latouche-Tréville and distinguished himself on the gunboat ''Etna'' during Nelson's Raids on Boulogne.〔 At the age of 15,〔Review of E. Herpin〕 Fréminville was appointed to the 74-gun ''Intrépide'' as a midshipman〔 and took part in the Saint-Domingue expedition,〔 in which he witnessed and condemned the massacres perpretated by General de Rochambeau.〔''Mémoires'', p.78〕 Returned to France in January 1803 on ''Swiftsure'' with Pauline Bonaparte and the body of General Leclerc,〔 he was promoted to Ensign, and distinguished himself again in a battle between his gunboat and a British frigate, where he was wounded.〔 In 1806, he was appointed to the frigate ''Sirène'' on which he took part in a naval division under Captain Amand Leduc, also comprising the frigates ''Guerrière'' and ''Revanche'',〔Choix de voyages, p.5〕 and sent near the North Pole to prey on British whalers.〔 During the campaign, he served as signals major, adjudant to the division, and hydrographer.〔Levot, p.196〕 He notably rediscovered the island of Enckuysen, which Bellin had placed at 65°N 12°W in maps in 1751 and 1767〔 and whose existence had been doubted, but which were spotted at 65°54'N 12°48'W.〔Voyage to the North Pole, p.80〕〔The island was suppressed from maps in 1854 (Levot, p.196)〕 The frigates sailed up to Spitsbergen, capturing a number of prizes, and returned to Iceland, where Fréminville measured several point of the coast.〔 The squadron then cruised off Ireland and returned to France in September 1807, except ''Guerrière'', captured by HMS ''Blanche'' on 19 July 1806. Seeing little action in the seven following years, Fréminville achieved the rank of Lieutenant only in 1811.〔 A royalist at heart, he welcomed the Bourbon Restoration, but his career did not accelerate; he served on the fluyt ''Rhône'' in the Baltic Sea and the frigate ''Néréide'' off Western Africa. In mid-1822, ''Néréide'' was in the Caribbean, and Fréminville fell in love with a Creole girl named "Caroline C." at the Îles des Saintes;〔 ''Néréide'' was sent to Martinique and then to Guadeloupe meanwhile sailed along the coast of Saintes without stopping with Fréminville aboard. Caroline was misled, thinking that her lover was heading to Europe and would never return, and she committed suicide.〔 In 1824, Fréminville took command of the fluyt ''Bonite''.〔Fonds Marine, p.593〕 The year after, he commanded the fluyt ''Adour''〔Fonds Marine, p.595〕 in America.〔 Constantly performing archeology and natural history surveys, he requested in vain command of an exploration mission.〔 It was not until 1827 that he was promoted to Commander.〔 In 1829, Fréminville was appointed to evaluate a chip log invented by Pierre Bouguer, which he deemed unsuitable.〔 Fréminville retired from the Navy in 1831.〔 The same year, he pseudonymously authored an "''Essay on the physical and moral influence of the female costume''",〔"Essai sur l'influence physique et morale du costume féminin"〕 in which he stated that female clothes The pseudonym "Caroline de L." that Fréminville used was later interpreted as a hommage to the Creole of the Saintes.〔 In his later years, he devoted himself to archeology and natural history,〔Levot, p.197〕 and his credited with founding the archeology of Lower Brittany.〔 He died on 12 January 1848.〔Levot, p.197〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Christophe-Paulin de La Poix de Fréminville」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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